Medical Medicine Intake And Dosage Levels - 1040 Words

Introduction In general, a patient suffering from illness is prescribed medication by a doctor who is highly knowledgeable and experienced in the field of medicine. The doctor clearly specifies the medication process to the patient which includes the medicine information, medicine intake and dosage levels. There are instances where a patient without any proper consultation with the doctor gets medicines from the drug store and takes medication without any proper knowledge. This scenario is the most error prone as there is no proper administration. The outpatient medication without proper supervision can lead to many complications. Some of the problems include the following. 1. Irregular medicine intake, as the patient is not knowledgeable†¦show more content†¦Provide information of the medicine and also the intake directions. 3. Keeps track of the medicine intake, i.e. it maintains a record of the time the user has taken his medicine. 4. Scrutinizes the medicine stock. It looks after the medicine stock and intimates the patient about the medicine. I will go through all the software development life cycles and develop the application. The application is a medicine schedule and alert system as an example of large scale of software development. The following are the six phases involved in every software development life cycle. 1. Requirements gathering and analysis. 2. Design. 3. Implementation or coding. 4. Testing. 5. Deployment. 6. Maintenance. In the requirements gathering and analysis phase, requirements are gathered in this phase and are analyzed for their validity. A document is created which served as strategies for the next phases. In the design phase, system and software design is prepared from the requirements gathered in the requirements and analysis phase. Implementation or coding phase is the longest phase. In this phase, the coding part is started for the system which is to be developed. The work in this phase is divided into modules or units. Each module is separately coded by the developers. In testing phase, the code from the coding phase is tested against the requirements gathered in the requirements and analysis phase. In this phase the following tests are done on the system. 1. Unit testing. 2. Integration

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 825 Words

Leo Shahnazari Mr. Pruitt American Lit Comp Per 6 November 11, 2015 THE GREAT GATSBY In the novel The Great Gatsby, Nick develops throughout the story in ways such as finding himself a lover and being Gatsby’s right hand man when it comes to winning the heart of an old lover, Daisy, who is married to Nick’s long time colleague, Tom. Nick develops an insight into the elite lifestyles of those who reside in West Egg and later decides for himself that he soon will be lost in the hectic lives of those around him due to the strong ideas of money and pleasure being the only two things that brought excitement into the lives of the upper class as where Nick was someone who had strong morals and a purpose more than getting drunk and having affairs with women who wouldn’t matter then next morning. Fitzgerald portrays Nick Carroway (the author) as â€Å"unreliable and impartial. Also the author focuses on Nick’s lengthy opinions however he never expresses to anyone what his views are.† In the beginning of the book it shows Nick Carroway as some magic man that is not judgemental at all. It also shows him as a trustworthy/honest person. Right from the beginning of the book Nick starts to build credibility for himself as a slow to judge person. His father gave him some advice and that was â€Å"Whenever you feel like criticizing someone, just remember that all people in this world haven’t had all of the advantages you’ve had.† (Page 1) â€Å"Everyone suspects himself of at least one of theShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1393 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald was the model of the American image in the nineteen twenties. He had wealth, fame, a beautiful wife, and an adorable daughter; all seemed perfect. Beneath the gilded faà §ade, however, was an author who struggled with domestic and physical difficulties that plagued his personal life and career throughout its short span. This author helped to launch the theme th at is so prevalent in his work; the human instinct to yearn for more, into the forefront of American literature, where itRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1343 Words   |  6 PagesHonors English 10 Shugart 18 Decemeber 2014 The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald s 1925 novel The Great Gatsby is a tragic love story, a mystery, and a social commentary on American life. The Great Gatsby is about the lives of four wealthy characters observed by the narrator, Nick Carroway. Throughout the novel a mysterious man named Jay Gatsby throws immaculate parties every Saturday night in hope to impress his lost lover, Daisy Buchanan. Gatsby lives in a mansion on West Egg across from DaisyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby The Jazz Age was an era where everything and anything seemed possible. It started with the beginning of a new age with America coming out of World War I as the most powerful nation in the world (Novel reflections on, 2007). As a result, the nation soon faced a culture-shock of material prosperity during the 1920’s. Also known as the â€Å"roaring twenties†, it was a time where life consisted of prodigality and extravagant parties. Writing based on his personal experiences, author F. ScottRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1166 Words   |  5 Pagesin the Haze F. Scott Fitzgerald lived in a time that was characterized by an unbelievable lack of substance. After the tragedy and horrors of WWI, people were focused on anything that they could that would distract from the emptiness that had swallowed them. Tangible greed tied with extreme materialism left many, by the end of this time period, disenchanted. The usage of the literary theories of both Biographical and Historical lenses provide a unique interpretation of the Great Gatsby centered aroundRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald845 Words   |  3 PagesIn F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, colors represent a variety of symbols that relate back to the American Dream. The dream of being pure, innocent and perfect is frequently associated with the reality of corruption, violence, and affairs. Gatsby’s desire for achieving the American Dream is sought for through corruption (Schneider). The American Dream in the 1920s was perceived as a desire of w ealth and social standings. Social class is represented through the East Egg, the WestRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesrespecting and valuing Fitzgerald work in the twenty-first century? Fitzgerald had a hard time to profiting from his writing, but he was not successful after his first novel. There are three major point of this essay are: the background history of Fitzgerald life, the comparisons between Fitzgerald and the Gatsby from his number one book in America The Great Gatsby, and the Fitzgerald got influences of behind the writing and being a writer. From childhood to adulthood, Fitzgerald faced many good andRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2099 Words   |  9 Pagesauthor to mirror his life in his book. In his previous novels F. Scott Fitzgerald drew from his life experiences. He said that his next novel, The Great Gatsby, would be different. He said, â€Å"In my new novel I’m thrown directly on purely creative work† (F. Scott Fitzgerald). He did not realize or did not want it to appear that he was taking his own story and intertwining it within his new novel. In The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, he imitates his lifestyle through the Buchanan family to demonstrateRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1607 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Gatsby is an American novel written in 1925 by F. Scott Fitzgerald. One of the themes of the book is the American Dream. The American Dream is an idea in which Americans believe through hard work they can achieve success and prosperity in the free world. In F. Scott Fitzgerald s novel, The Great Gatsby, the American Dream leads to popularity, extreme jealousy and false happiness. Jay Gatsby’s recent fortune and wealthiness helped him earn a high social position and become one of the mostRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1592 Words   |  7 PagesMcGowan English 11A, Period 4 9 January 2014 The Great Gatsby Individuals who approach life with an optimistic mindset generally have their goals established as their main priority. Driven by ambition, they are determined to fulfill their desires; without reluctance. These strong-minded individuals refuse to be influenced by negative reinforcements, and rely on hope in order to achieve their dreams. As a man of persistence, the wealthy Jay Gatsby continuously strives to reclaim the love of hisRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920s witnessed the death of the American Dream, a message immortalized in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Initially, the American Dream represented the outcome of American ideals, that everyone has the freedom and opportunity to achieve their dreams provided they perform honest hard work. During the 1920s, the United States experienced massive economic prosperity making the American Dream seem alive and strong. However, in Fitzgerald’s eyes, the new Am erican culture build around that

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 825 Words

Leo Shahnazari Mr. Pruitt American Lit Comp Per 6 November 11, 2015 THE GREAT GATSBY In the novel The Great Gatsby, Nick develops throughout the story in ways such as finding himself a lover and being Gatsby’s right hand man when it comes to winning the heart of an old lover, Daisy, who is married to Nick’s long time colleague, Tom. Nick develops an insight into the elite lifestyles of those who reside in West Egg and later decides for himself that he soon will be lost in the hectic lives of those around him due to the strong ideas of money and pleasure being the only two things that brought excitement into the lives of the upper class as where Nick was someone who had strong morals and a purpose more than getting drunk and having affairs with women who wouldn’t matter then next morning. Fitzgerald portrays Nick Carroway (the author) as â€Å"unreliable and impartial. Also the author focuses on Nick’s lengthy opinions however he never expresses to anyone what his views are.† In the beginning of the book it shows Nick Carroway as some magic man that is not judgemental at all. It also shows him as a trustworthy/honest person. Right from the beginning of the book Nick starts to build credibility for himself as a slow to judge person. His father gave him some advice and that was â€Å"Whenever you feel like criticizing someone, just remember that all people in this world haven’t had all of the advantages you’ve had.† (Page 1) â€Å"Everyone suspects himself of at least one of theShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald1393 Words   |  6 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald was the model of the American image in the nineteen twenties. He had wealth, fame, a beautiful wife, and an adorable daughter; all seemed perfect. Beneath the gilded faà §ade, however, was an author who struggled with domestic and physical difficulties that plagued his personal life and career throughout its short span. This author helped to launch the theme th at is so prevalent in his work; the human instinct to yearn for more, into the forefront of American literature, where itRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1343 Words   |  6 PagesHonors English 10 Shugart 18 Decemeber 2014 The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald s 1925 novel The Great Gatsby is a tragic love story, a mystery, and a social commentary on American life. The Great Gatsby is about the lives of four wealthy characters observed by the narrator, Nick Carroway. Throughout the novel a mysterious man named Jay Gatsby throws immaculate parties every Saturday night in hope to impress his lost lover, Daisy Buchanan. Gatsby lives in a mansion on West Egg across from DaisyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby The Jazz Age was an era where everything and anything seemed possible. It started with the beginning of a new age with America coming out of World War I as the most powerful nation in the world (Novel reflections on, 2007). As a result, the nation soon faced a culture-shock of material prosperity during the 1920’s. Also known as the â€Å"roaring twenties†, it was a time where life consisted of prodigality and extravagant parties. Writing based on his personal experiences, author F. ScottRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1166 Words   |  5 Pagesin the Haze F. Scott Fitzgerald lived in a time that was characterized by an unbelievable lack of substance. After the tragedy and horrors of WWI, people were focused on anything that they could that would distract from the emptiness that had swallowed them. Tangible greed tied with extreme materialism left many, by the end of this time period, disenchanted. The usage of the literary theories of both Biographical and Historical lenses provide a unique interpretation of the Great Gatsby centered aroundRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald845 Words   |  3 PagesIn F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, colors represent a variety of symbols that relate back to the American Dream. The dream of being pure, innocent and perfect is frequently associated with the reality of corruption, violence, and affairs. Gatsby’s desire for achieving the American Dream is sought for through corruption (Schneider). The American Dream in the 1920s was perceived as a desire of w ealth and social standings. Social class is represented through the East Egg, the WestRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay970 Words   |  4 Pagesrespecting and valuing Fitzgerald work in the twenty-first century? Fitzgerald had a hard time to profiting from his writing, but he was not successful after his first novel. There are three major point of this essay are: the background history of Fitzgerald life, the comparisons between Fitzgerald and the Gatsby from his number one book in America The Great Gatsby, and the Fitzgerald got influences of behind the writing and being a writer. From childhood to adulthood, Fitzgerald faced many good andRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2099 Words   |  9 Pagesauthor to mirror his life in his book. In his previous novels F. Scott Fitzgerald drew from his life experiences. He said that his next novel, The Great Gatsby, would be different. He said, â€Å"In my new novel I’m thrown directly on purely creative work† (F. Scott Fitzgerald). He did not realize or did not want it to appear that he was taking his own story and intertwining it within his new novel. In The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, he imitates his lifestyle through the Buchanan family to demonstrateRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1607 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Gatsby is an American novel written in 1925 by F. Scott Fitzgerald. One of the themes of the book is the American Dream. The American Dream is an idea in which Americans believe through hard work they can achieve success and prosperity in the free world. In F. Scott Fitzgerald s novel, The Great Gatsby, the American Dream leads to popularity, extreme jealousy and false happiness. Jay Gatsby’s recent fortune and wealthiness helped him earn a high social position and become one of the mostRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1592 Words   |  7 PagesMcGowan English 11A, Period 4 9 January 2014 The Great Gatsby Individuals who approach life with an optimistic mindset generally have their goals established as their main priority. Driven by ambition, they are determined to fulfill their desires; without reluctance. These strong-minded individuals refuse to be influenced by negative reinforcements, and rely on hope in order to achieve their dreams. As a man of persistence, the wealthy Jay Gatsby continuously strives to reclaim the love of hisRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1646 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920s witnessed the death of the American Dream, a message immortalized in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Initially, the American Dream represented the outcome of American ideals, that everyone has the freedom and opportunity to achieve their dreams provided they perform honest hard work. During the 1920s, the United States experienced massive economic prosperity making the American Dream seem alive and strong. However, in Fitzgerald’s eyes, the new Am erican culture build around that

Business and Admin Research Information Free Essays

Give Reasons for agreeing Objectives and deadlines for researching information Agreeing objectives is essential for a team or individual to know what they are focusing on to avoid wasting resources and time. Knowing the How, What, When and Why of an assignment will mean being able to complete the task in a timely manner and correctly. Deadlines strongly affect what you research e. We will write a custom essay sample on Business and Admin Research Information or any similar topic only for you Order Now g. World news is being update by the hour, with a well-defined deadline; we can better gather the relevant information as equired. There is no point to having a long deadline and present a report of yesterdays news; Who is interested in old news? How much will you pay for yesterday newspaper? Is it worthless? A copy of todays newspaper is worth money, but yesterdays is worthless. Therefore, objectives and deadline must go hand in hand. With the right objective and a set deadline you know what must be done and how long you have. 1. 2 Give reasons for identifying and agreeing sources of information As there are many different ways to find out information, for example; The internet Books and EBooks Word of mouth etc. , Reference material Academic Journals Magazines Statistics Specialist information Interviews Past speeches Pictures Organizations It is therefore crucial that you make sure the information is correct, relevant and at the right time, with all the required information in hand. Only if data is stored in a procedural manner it can be easily retrieved. Information might be retrieved for marketing purposes, for communications, for monitoring purposes; for surveys and other research that an organisation or business might conduct. Information will also be retrieved in situations where information might have to be shared with partner companies and with the police or Tax Services. Storage of data plays a major role in improving the performance of a company and this can happen either offline or online and in various formats. Storing information is essential for many reasons; these include Ease of access and readability, The level of detail you are able to store The choice to have various copies of the information in case of loss and ease of transfer. Be Able To Research Information for Others 2. Agree aims, objectives and deadlines for the information search Agreeing aims and objectives regarding tasks will help you to do your work efficiently as they give a clear idea of what is needed and why. Deadlines are also very important as our customers and our reputation is negatively affected if we don’t complete work in the required time, so time limits help to estimate the time you have to spend on each one, otherwise you could spend too long researching one source and then find out it was the wrong source. Having deadlines allows you to structure your own deadlines, allowing a certain mount of time on each source of research, so you do not overlook the information of another. 2. 2 Identify sources of information Question 1. 2 answers this question. 2. 3 Search for and obtain data Research comprises of; â€Å"A creative work undertaken on a systematic basis, in order to increase the stock of knowledge. This includes knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications. † (OECD (2002) Frascati Manual: proposed standard practice for surveys on research and experimental development, 6th edition). It is used to establish or confirm facts, reaffirm the results of previous work, solve new or existing problems, support theorems, or develop new theories. The primary purposes of basic research (as opposed to applied research) is documentation, discovery, interpretation, or the research and development (R;D) of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge. There are several forms of research: Scientific Humanities Artistic, Economic Social Business Marketing Practitioner research, etc. Nothing damages someone’s professional credibility as quickly as an error, even a inor one. While a simple calculation error or typo can seem trivial in the scheme of things, it implants doubt into your audience’s mind. They now think; â€Å"If this person can make these simple errors, they can also make larger errors†. Errors occur for many reasons; Ignorance Lack of time Poor planning Laziness Incorrect data Invalid source material The most common errors we see are in spreadsheets and written communications. Spreadsheets can be deceiving because they print out or display very professionally and can hide simple calculation errors. Careless manipulation of formulas can cause errors that are difficult to visually detect. that miss detection by spell checker programs due to multiple meanings and basic sentence structure. Also, if the reader finds inconsistences in the flow of the report/ information or if it sounds far-fetched, they being to wonder whether or not the information is plausible. No matter the root cause, errors suggest a lack of caring or attention. Conversely, people notice attention to detail. The customer experience holds true for presentations and report slides. How to cite Business and Admin Research Information, Essays

Television program free essay sample

As a consequence, it would be difficult to distinguish them from audiences, say, at the Sands Hotel in Las Vegas, except for the fact that they have a slightly cleaner, more wholesome look. Reverend Terry tries to persuade them, as well as those at home, to change their ways by finding Jesus Christ. To help her do this, she offers a prosperity Campaign Kit, which appears to have a dual purpose: As it brings one nearer to Jesus, it also provides advice on how to increase ones bank account. This makes her followers extremely happy and confirms their predisposition to believe that prosperity is the true aim of religion. Perhaps God disagrees. As of this writing, Reverend Terry has been obliged to declare bankruptcy and temporarily halt her ministrations. Pat Robertson is the master of ceremonies of the highly successful700 Club, a television show and religious organization of sorts to which you can belong by paying fifteen dollars per month. We will write a custom essay sample on Television program or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (Of course, anyone with cable television can watch the show for free of charge. Reverend Robertson does his act in a much lower register than Reverend Terry. He is modest, intelligent, and has the kind of charm television viewers would associate with a cool-headed talk-show host. His appeal to godliness is considerably more sophisticated than Reverend Terrys, at least from the standpoint of television. Indeed, he appears to use as his model of communication Entertainment Tonight. His program includes interviews, singers and taped segments with entertainers who are born-again Christians. For example, all of the chorus girls in Don Hos Hawaiian act are born-again, and in one segment, we are shown them both at prayer and on stage (although not at the same time). The program also includes taped reenactments of people who, having been driven to the edge of despair, are saved by the 700 Club. Such people play themselves in these finely crafted docu-dramas. In one, we are shown a woman racked with anxiety. She cannot concentrate on her wifely duties. The television shows and movies she sees induce a generalized fear of the world. Paranoia closes in. She even begins to believe that her own children are trying to kill her. As the play proceeds, we see her in front of her television set chancing upon the 700 Club. She becomes interested in its message. She allows Jesus to enter her heart. She is saved. At the end of the play, we see her going about her business, calmly and cheerfully, her eyes illuminated with peace. And so, we may say that the 700 Club has twice elevated her to a state of transcendence: first, by putting her in the presence of Jesus: second, by making her into a television star. To the uninitiated, it is not entirely clear which is the higher estate. Toward the end of each 700 Club show, the following days acts are announced. They are many and various. The program concludes with someones saying, â€Å"All this and more tomorrow on the 700 Club. Jimmy Swaggart is a somewhat older-style evangelist. Though he plays the piano quite well, sings sweetly, and uses the full range of televisions resources, when he gets going he favors a kind of fire-and-brimstone approach. But because this is television, he often moderates his message with a dollop of ecumenism. For example, his sermon on the question, Are the Jews practicing blasphemy? begins by assuring his audience that they are not, by recalling Jesus bar mitzvah, and by insisting that Christians owe the Jews a considerable debt. It ends with his indicating that with the loss of their Temple in Biblical times, the Jews have somehow lost their way. His message suggests that they are rather to be pitied than despised but that, in any case, many of them are pretty nice people. It is the perfect television sermontheatrical, emotional, and in a curious way comforting even to a Jewish viewer. For television bless its heartis not congenial to messages of naked hate. For one thing, you never know who is watching, so it is best not to be wildly offensive. For another, haters with reddened faces and demonic gestures merely look foolish on television, as Marshall McLuhan observed years ago and Senator Joseph McCarthy learned to his dismay. Television favors moods of conciliation and is at its best when substance of any kind is muted. (One must make an exception here for those instances when preachers, like Swaggart, turn to the subject of the Devil and secular humanism. Then they are quite ncompromising in the ferocity of their assaults, partly, one may assume, because neither the Devil nor secular humanists are included in the Nielsen Ratings. Neither are they inclined to watch. ) There are at present thirty-five television stations owned and operated by religious organizations, but every television station features religious programming or one sort or another. To prepare mys elf for writing this chapter, I watched forty-two hours of televisions version of religion, mostly the shows of Robert Schuller, Oral Roberts, Jimmy Swaggart, Jerry Falwell, Jim Bakker and Pat Robertson. Forty-two hours were entirely unnecessary. Five would have provided me with all the conclusions, of which there are two, that the fairly to be drawn. The first is that on television, religion, like everything else, is presented, quite simply and without apology, as an entertainment. Everything that makes religion an historic, profound and sacred human activity is stripped away; there is no ritual, no dogma, no tradition, no theology, and above all, no sense of spiritual transcendence. On these shows, the preacher is tops. God comes out as second banana. Lab Report| Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business| | | | | Postman stated that there is an evangelical preacher on television who goes by the name of Reverend Terry. She appears to be in her early fifties, and features a coiffure of which it has been said that it cannot be mussed, only broken. Reverend Terry is energetic and folksy, and uses a style of preaching modeled on early Miltion Berle. When her audiences are shown in reaction shots, they are almost always laughing. As a consequence, it would be difficult to distinguish them from audiences, say, at the Sands Hotel in Las Vegas, except for the fact that they have a slightly cleaner, more wholesome look. Reverend Terry tries to persuade them, as well as those at home, to change their ways by finding Jesus Christ. To help her do this, she offers a prosperity Campaign Kit, which appears to have a dual purpose: As it brings one nearer to Jesus, it also provides advice on how to increase ones bank account. This makes her followers extremely happy and confirms their predisposition to believe that prosperity is the true aim of religion. Perhaps God disagrees. As of this writing, Reverend Terry has been obliged to declare bankruptcy and temporarily halt her ministrations. (Postman 114-117) When I read paragraph, it made me wonder if she was legit or a charlatan and a fake. I thought this because I had an experience with a television evangelist; he claimed that God had given him the power to heal and that my cousin is now cured of diabetes. My cousin went to this evangelist’s sermons every time it came, giving some of his well-earned money to them every time. As of today, my cousin still has diabetes, and is broken-hearted that he wasn’t cured. I believe that many, but not all, TV evangelists are fakes and charlatans. I believe that these evangelists only have one purpose to scam people out of their money. They use the Word of God to use and trick people out of their money by pretending to heal the sick and disabled saying that the more that you give, the more healing there will be, taking money from collections and charity and pocketing it, and selling kits and packages and pocketing the money. I believe that the rest are legit and are actually in it to win souls for the Lord, but the others are making it hard for these evangelists. They actually use the money given from collections and donations to better the church, help the needy, and spread the Word of God. Next, Postman stated that Pat Robertson is the master of ceremonies of the highly successful700 Club, a television show and religious organization of sorts to which you can belong by paying fifteen dollars per month. (Of course, anyone with cable television can watch the show for free of charge. Reverend Robertson does his act in a much lower register than Reverend Terry. He is modest, intelligent, and has the kind of charm television viewers would associate with a cool-headed talk-show host. His appeal to godliness is considerably more sophisticated than Reverend Terrys, at least from the standpoint of television. Indeed, he appears to use as his model of communication Entertainment Tonight. His program includes i nterviews, singers and taped segments with entertainers who are born-again Christians. For example, all of the chorus girls in Don Hos Hawaiian act are born-again, and in one segment, we are shown them both at prayer and on stage (although not at the same time). The program also includes taped reenactments of people who, having been driven to the edge of despair, are saved by the 700 Club. Such people play themselves in these finely crafted docu-dramas. In one, we are shown a woman racked with anxiety. She cannot concentrate on her wifely duties. The television shows and movies she sees induce a generalized fear of the world. Paranoia closes in. She even begins to believe that her own children are trying to kill her. As the play proceeds, we see her in front of her television set chancing upon the 700 Club. She becomes interested in its message. She allows Jesus to enter her heart. She is saved. At the end of the play, we see her going about her business, calmly and cheerfully, her eyes illuminated with peace. And so, we may say that the 700 Club has twice elevated her to a state of transcendence: first, by putting her in the presence of Jesus: second, by making her into a television star. To the uninitiated, it is not entirely clear which is the higher estate. Postman 114-117) While reading this chapter and coming to this section with Pat Robertson, I was reminded of an article and an episode of Dateline that featured Pat Robertson and other television evangelists and a investigation of their lifestyle, income, and scandals. According to the article, â€Å"He founded Operation Blessing, a charity that was alleged to have allowed its planes and pilots to be used to shuttle gold-mining equipment around Zaire for another Robertson enterprise, African Development Company (ADC), a diamond-mining operation. Robertson was ADCs founder and sole stockholder, and he had a close working relationship with Zaires brutal dictator, Mobutu Sese Seko. He publicly referred to him as Americas ally in the war on communism. The US State Department charged that Mobutus regime had committed massive violations of human rights including torture, murder, censorship, and religious persecution. Robertsons diamond business also involved Charles Taylor, the Liberian leader who seized power in a violent coup in 1996, and became president after an election, widely considered tainted, held the following year. Robertson refers to Taylor as a Christian, a good Baptist, and a friend. To the rest of the world, however, Taylor is a man indicted for war crimes, including much of the bloodshed and atrocities that have afflicted Liberia and its neighbor nations for years†. (NNDB tracking the entire world) On the episode of Dateline, they said that when Pat left TFC and created CBN, he had sold public stock of TFC (the Family Channel) which gave five hundred million dollars to his company CBN. He is also alleged to have pocketed and used donations and ministry funds for personal use. Postman then stated that there are at present thirty-five television stations owned and operated by religious organizations, but every television station features religious programming or one sort or another. To prepare myself for writing this chapter, I watched forty-two hours of televisions version of religion, mostly the shows of Robert Schuller, Oral Roberts, Jimmy Swaggart, Jerry Falwell, Jim Bakker and Pat Robertson. Forty-two hours were entirely unnecessary. Five would have provided me with all the conclusions, of which there are two, that the fairly to be drawn. The first is that on television, religion, like everything else, is presented, quite simply and without apology, as an entertainment. Everything that makes religion an historic, profound and sacred human activity is stripped away; there is no ritual, no dogma, no tradition, no theology, and above all, no sense of spiritual transcendence. On these shows, the preacher is tops. God comes out as second banana. (Postman 114-117) I agree with him on this loss of spiritual connection; I believe that normal worship practices require you to participate in the rules, rituals, and traditions. It allows you to get close to your fellow worshipers and give you a good feeling of community. This cannot be replaced by the television screen. In church I wouldnt be in my pajamas/boxers or be snacking while the service is going on, but while watching television evangelists, I could do these things and more. As for religion being entertainment on television, I also believe this is true. The crooked TV evangelists use their healing sessions and other things as the entertainment. They use these sessions to convince and persuade others that the evangelist have been giving the power to heal by god and that they should come to give and get healed. These evangelists become like a prophet and they become the most important and as postman said, God comes out as second banana. Lastly Postman stated this, to prepare myself for writing this chapter, I watched forty-two hours of televisions version of religion, mostly the shows of Robert Schuller, Oral Roberts, Jimmy Swaggart, Jerry Falwell, Jim Bakker and Pat Robertson. Postman 114-117) When I read this it again reminded me of the Dateline episode, around half of the names that he listed was on the show. Oral Roberts, Jim Bakker and Pat Robertson were on the show, they were alleged to have pocketing church funds and other things.

The theme of responsibility in An Inspector Calls Essay Example

The theme of responsibility in An Inspector Calls Paper Every member of our society should be equivalent and adjusted to each other. Other peoples actions, suggestions and reactions make a considerable difference to our lives. This has great significance and concludes that we need to care about each other. The playwright of An Inspector Calls, J.B. Priestley, wrote this play for several essential and specific reasons. One of the key ideas was based on the theme of responsibility. In this essay, I have focused on the same ideas. Furthermore, I will carefully analyse and compare two very contrasting character in the play. I have chosen to do my research and comparison on Mrs Birling and Sheila Birling. And to help me analyse them I will use quotes from the play. An Inspector Calls is a play, which was written by John Boynton Priestley in 1945 (set in 1912), and was staged in the theatre on the 1st of October 1946. Priestley uses the play as an example of what can happen if we ignore the feelings of others. Priestley believed a great deal in socialism and used the play to influence people to be socialists. An Inspector Calls is a play about a family called the Birlings. One day, they were celebrating the engagement of their only daughter, Sheila, while they were enjoying themselves; an inspector approaches their house and turns the joyful and thrilling night into misery. Every character gives a first impression, and Sheila is one of them. Sheila is a pretty girl in her twenties, very pleased with life and rather excited. My fist impressions about Sheila was that she is an immature, naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve girl but as the play advanced I was proved very wrong. The latter parts of this essay will provide evidence so. We will write a custom essay sample on The theme of responsibility in An Inspector Calls specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The theme of responsibility in An Inspector Calls specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The theme of responsibility in An Inspector Calls specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In 1912, Britain was at the height of the Edwardian society, known as the Golden age. A quarter of the world belonged to Britain meaning that it was coloured red on the globe of the world. The British Empire was the most vast and powerful since the Romans-the best nation in the world. Theatres, musicals, prom concerts and film were making a vital impact as it entertained the Edwardian population. The upper classes (such as the Birlings) led such a lavish life that the Edwardian era is now infamous for. However, despite the illusions of these secure times, many of the cities were overflowing with prejudice and crooks. There was a huge division between the upper and lower classes. The higher classes barely knew the existence of the underprivileged. I personally thought that this play was very effective as J.B. Priestley wrote it at a significant time. In 1947 Britain had just come to end of a devastating world war, where families suffered from immense losses and society was desperate for a fairer, more equal lifestyle. Priestley realised that socialism was becoming increasingly popular and he was rewarded by the play. He effectively used crucial hints in this play to ensure that discrimination in Edwardian time was not repeated. The inspector is the most thought-provoking and mysterious character in the entire play. The mysterious element contributes greatly to making him a very interesting character. I did not find a great deal out about the Inspector but we are given hints and clues from the way he speaks and we are forced to piece together our own ideas about his identity and intentions. The role of the Inspector is very noteworthy for the play. He uses very simple techniques and he moves the play along. By moving the play along he encourages the characters to tell their stories. The Inspector could be considered as a narrator for the vast variety of contributions he makes. I transpired this point because he was accused of being an impostor in the play. J.B. Priestley has made the Inspector an old mysterious and thought-provoking person. In this way, the audience are forced into judging and reaching personal conclusions about him. So, the main role of the Inspector was to promote and change the thoughts of the Birling family. There are many connotations within the name Inspector Goole. As an Inspector, he has come to investigate or inspect the family members and their actions. Goole is a similar sounding to the word Ghoul, a ghost or phantom. It introduces a very eerie spirit-like feeling to the play as if the Inspector is not real. The inspectors final speech dramatically contrasts his use of language throughout the play. He uses simple language, which allows the members of the family to relay their versions of events. He moves from commenting on one particular person to all of those people who are cruelly and unnecessarily exploited in society, millions of Eva Smiths and John Smiths. This is Priestleys main message: we are all responsible for each other. Before the Inspector disembarked, Sheila acts arrogantly towards Eric and Gerald. But she demonstrates respect for her mother and father but with a tone of undermining. Sheila is very happy about her engagement to Gerald but with this of tone towards her family, I feel that she is trying to remind them that this is her special day and that they should not fail to remember it. I fell this because she tries to change the subject of the talk to herself. Arthur (Mr Birling) says I do not think you ought to talk business on an occasion like this and Sheila states Neither to I. All wrong. When the Inspector arrives he uses different interrogation approaches to get his answers from his suspects. Sheila responds to the Inspector in a very honest way. After coming back into the room, she is very sincere with everybody. Sheila answers her questions and queries as honestly as she can, she is genuinely sorry for what she did to Eva Smith and contributing to her death, Yes but it didnt seem to be anything very terrible at the time. Dont you understand? And if I could help her now I would. After her confession, Sheila is eager for everybody to confess to what they supposedly did to Eva Smith. When questioned, Sheila breaks into tears. When questioned, Sheila and Eric have broken down and confessed for their indecency after being just asked a few questions. Sheila was shown a picture of the girl, which she had fired, from Millwards. She recognizes the picture and runs out of the room sobbing. She comes back in and says, You knew it was me all the time, didnt you? This clearly shows that Sheila is an honest girl. Sybil on the other hand answers the Inspectors questions with very short and few word answers. The inspector shows her a photo and says, Do you recognize her? Sybil then says, No. Why should I? Which is a blatant lie because she may think that the inspector knows nothing about this case but really he does or hes very clever and bluffing. The younger characters feel remorse for what they have done; Sybil does not even pity the poor girl. I am very sorry, but I think she has only herself to blame. But then Mrs Birlings opinion is hat Eva should not have used the respectable Birling name, lied about where she came from and why she wanted help from her charity. The difference between classes at that particular time was very clear. The Birlings are obviously a rich family and their name is highly respectable. For Eva to use the name was a big insult to Sybil. However, towards Sheilas engagement. Sybil acts normal because it is the engagement of her daughter. She says that she is happy for her daughter and her fiancà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ but does not use emotion, tone of voice or body language to convey this. Sybil seems very cold towards her family; she does not show affection at all, not even through speech. I suppose that this is how typical high-class women were expected to act. Sybil having had much more life experience knows how people of different classes should speak to her. Lower-class people should speak to her with respect because without people like her husband and their factories a lot of people would be without work. As soon as the Inspector comes and speaks to her normally, she is shocked. I think you can tell this by her short answers that go straight to the point. I meant what I said. Most of what she says is never more than a line long. I think that the Inspector realised this and plays on it, but this back fires because Sybil does not like being spoken to like this, so she is very short and avoids the main point that the Inspector is trying to achieve from her. This is very clever, meaning the Inspector actually has to know everything. With the other characters he just mentions a name and asks a few questions and he will have the whole story. Sybil believes that an unfamiliar person cannot embarrass her. Sybil however stays calm and again does not show any emotions. She doesnt let this stranger intimidate her because she feels she did the right thing by her charity of which she is the chairperson and is a great influence on the overall decision of who they should help. Every other character except Sybil feels remorse for what they have done. To conclude I have to say that I found that age does affect the way the Edwardian family act. If Sheila was older and more grown up then she would have known that someone not of her class, can not intimidate her if she knows how to react. Sybil however, obviously knows how to respond but she is certainly arrogant. Also, if Sheila was older she would have known that she does not have to be ashamed of her actions to justify them. I f your actions cannot be justified then they cannot be wrong. Sheilas actions were not justified enough. Mrs Birling remains pompous and proper throughout the whole episode. In the play, I have learnt many fundamental things. The ending is a mystery and leaves the audience thinking. This ending takes the audience back to the beginning when the inspector arrives. It leaves us pondering whether the Inspector was some kind of spirit warning towards the Birlings. This adds to the dramatic tension of the play. I think the play was a success in making it dramatic and that issues such as homelessness and refugees have changed since the play was written but still has the same effect on the audience. I think the moral of the play has contributed greatly. Think of the least unfortunate and the Birlings, and carefully analyse how both were treated. This play would challenge the audience with their moral beliefs of right and wrong. If you have done something wrong then the play makes you think about it and what you should do if you are in this situation again. The important thing is to try and correct it because it might just blow out of portion. This is shown well in the play when Sheila realises that she should have said something about Erics drinking problem as it is the main reason that he got involved in this situation. The main purpose of the play is that it wants people to improve on, to have more consideration for everybody and life does not revolve around money but compassion for others. Another message is underlined throughout the play is that all classes have different wealth but when it comes to feelings and sensitivities, we are all equal. The final message of the play is a plea for changes, a change in human nature first, then society. People have to learn that private behaviour has public outcomes. The play was correct.

The Summer of Soundness

The Summer of Soundness The rain hadn't stopped in three weeks and it seemed like the endless trek through the field would never end. As the morning dew soaked the bottom of my pants, I remembered the fun summers when I would awake well past dawn and go outside and play by the creek in my shorts. But it was now different, even if I wanted to wear my shorts, my legs would become mangled and disfigured from cuts and insect bites from being outside working in the indigenous wilderness. The heat was unbearable most of the times we were out, and I could remember the long cold days of winter; the fun season in which there was no need to wake early or work long days. The days were more enjoyable as I looked forward to holidays like my birthday, Christmas, and New Years where I could sleep in and spend the days playing with my new toys and cousins that I hadn't seen in a year since the last annual encounter.AmerikarBut summer holidays were different. They were just another day to awake early to that morning dew tha t left my feet wet the rest of the day. Every day was the same. Maybe an alteration in the menu for lunch, but even lunch on the tailgate of the truck can be monotonous at times. It wasn't until late in the season that I found out that there was a reason for all this work and turmoil; a motivation for which most 14 year old boys, destined to become men, never learn.Dave stood much higher than me at the time. At times I wondered when I would reach his height. He was like an old, matured oak tree to me, and I was the newly fallen acorn that admired the strength...

Comparrison between Aviation biofuel and the other types of fuel that Essay

Comparrison between Aviation biofuel and the other types of fuel that are used now for airplanes - Essay Example Biofuel (96) is an old method that existed back in 500AD when revolution was taking place. People back then used to recycle waste materials to ignite their newly invented machines. This method of recycling went on until new forms of ignition evolved. Apparently airline companies are looking for ways in which they can cost on fossil fuels which are being used in this new modern era. Researchers have found that the usage of biofuel is still possible even without modernizing the ignition engines like in cars. Although this is concluded research has been made, there still lay some concern about using the biofuel in aviation as compared to the other fuel that is being used such as gasoline and fossil fuels. These concerns are in form of pros and con of using either of the two kind of fuel in aviation (96). The advantages of using bio-fuels would be its environmentally balanced carbon (IV) oxide impact, its capability to become a sustainable fuel, and it may result in lower engine emissions. This emission are named greenhouse gas emissions which poised to grow, as air travel increases and ground vehicles use more alternative fuels like ethanol. Currently, aviation represents two percent of global emissions, but is expected to grow to three by 2050(Eliasson, Riemer & Wokaun 1999). In addition, long-term solutions are said to dramatically reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases. Therefore, alternate fuels with low to zero carbon content, such as liquid hydrogen or liquid methane, might be used. The need to build fuel efficient aircraft and operating them more efficiently; the need to change the fuel source is one of the few options the aviation industry has in order to reduce its carbon. Hydrogen electric and solar propelled aircraft are in research, there are no expectations that they will be feasible in the near or term due to aviations need for high power-to-weight ratio and globally compatible infrastructure (Eliasson, Riemer & Wokaun, 1999). Therefore, in

Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 3

Research Paper - Essay Example consumed globally such as cocaine uses coca, which naturally occurs in a plant in the Latin American country, but contrary to popular beliefs, the plant that produces coca is not harmful to humans, unless mixed with other chemicals. The authorities in the United States and Mexico have for years collaborated to eliminate the menace, however, history of the trade have grave political implications on either side of the border. In Mexico, much similar to the other Hispanic nations, the money that is gotten from the trade finds itself lining the pockets of politicians. The illegal money that made in the drug business, is unquantifiable, but has been claimed to be create economic boom within the Hispanic countries. This paper is an exploration of the drug problem in Mexico through an in depth interview of a friend from the other side of the border so as to draw thorough information on the problem. The paper is narrative of the interaction and accompanying secondary information. The major component that is used to produce cocaine in the region is coca, and it has been a tremendous positive and lately negative influence on Latin American culture for over a century. Coca has been used to fight hunger, fatigue, sickness and also increase the flow of oxygen to the brain at high altitudes. Over the years, the positive use, away from the negative use, has been the main reason why banning coca has been extremely difficult over the years. The diverse and positive usage of coca has blocked the banning of its cultivation or place a penalty on growing coca. Due to the leniency in raising Coca, drug cartels believed that they could get away with cultivating the plant for drug use by turning it into cocaine through its mixing with various chemicals. Keep in mind that Latin America has never been a prosperous region of the world. It is an area populated some of the poorest communities, war-torn, and impoverished nations that often look to other countries for aid, both of the

Reporting Paper (Accounting) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reporting Paper (Accounting) - Essay Example The employees are required to be assured about the safety and security of their jobs despite takeovers. The points to be discussed in the memo include the post - retirement benefits of the employees of the organization that has been acquired. The human capital is the most essential part for the success of any organization. As and when, there is a merger or acquisition taking place, the employees often feel unsafe about their professional career. In order to, have the professional faith retained among the employees; the management of the company should inform the employees of the acquired firm about the revised perks and perquisites that are on offer. Also, the management of the company should clearly focus on the post – retirement benefits like the pension schemes (namely defined benefit pension schemes and the defined contribution pension schemes). It is prudent for the management of the company to keep the employee force informed about the proposed integration of both the prevailing segments along with the two schemes of the post – retirement benefits. Defined Benefit Pension Scheme – Defined Benefit Pension Schemes, often known as the DB pension schemes are the simplest form of the post – retirement benefits. The benefits i.e. the pensions are calculated on the basis of the predetermined formulae. Basically, the defined benefit pension schemes, which are the traditional schemes in the periphery of the post – retirement benefits, are contributed by the employers. But, employees might also contribute. There are several factors upon which the benefit depends (i.e. the variables of the formulae) and that include prevailing mortality rates, scheme assets, rate of return for the investment and changing regulatory rates among others. The tradition DB pension schemes are observed to be losing their popularity in the recent past to the DC (Defined Contribution)

Rationale And Background Of The Study English Language Essay

Rationale And Background Of The Study English Language Essay Reading is indispensable if a person wanted to live comfortably in the modern society. It is the golden path in going to the world of enlightenment and enjoyment (Monuz, 2000). Reading is the activity characterized by the translation of symbols or letters in the words and sentences that have meaning to the individuals. The ultimate goal of reading is to be able to understand written materials to evaluate it, and to used it for ones needs (Paculanan 1999). Reading is consider as the most important subject in the curriculum, because its mastery depends on the learning of nearly to all other subjects. On account of this reality, Filipino educators have in countless instruction channeled their effort towards developing strategies and approaches in the teaching of reading (Tamundong 1998) Reading requires more than mechanical skills. As a tool for learning in the content subjects, the learners has to demonstrate growing ability to handle information effectively. In this area of complex skills are efficient location, selection organization, and retention of information and the ability to gain knowledge from the printed page depending on the learners that equipped with the necessary skills in reading. A persons reading abilities has a help to read facts about the varied and rich factual information and verbal knowledge accumulated through the ages and that of maturity, organizes these actual information and verbal knowledge, process, and interprets them through experiences to form concepts and principles which are essential in solving problems and in developing creative thinking. Paterno (1985), enumerated various factors in the disabilities or weaknesses of reading. This may range from defective hearing or maladjustments in school, to brain damage. Paterno added that some of the specific causes of reading disability, how ever, may cause by a combinations of several factors. The most common: (1) Physical Factors like defective hearing, speech, vision, inadequate nutrition, neurological dysfunction: (2) Educational factors- children have unique learning patterns and: (3) Environmental factors- not all learning takes place in a classroom and their environmental determines to a great extend, the Childs success in learning to read. To minimize if not to solve permanently the problems on reading, two objectives of education as stated in the educational act of 1982 are word mentioning. This are: (1) To provide the knowledge and develop skills, attitudes and values essential to personal development and nece4ssary for living in and contributing to a developing and changing social milieu, and (2) To provide learning experiences which increase the childs awareness of the responsiveness to the changes in and just demands of society, and to prepare for constructive and effective involvement (MEC Journal, 1991), Educational Act of 1982. Conceptual Framework Reading is one of the most needed skills to be learned in school. Seemingly, read is a word that always heard, yet difficult to discern. Reading scholars have not really come out with on universal definition of it. They only describe the characteristics of reading. Munoz (2000) describes reading as a two-way complex active process, which uses a high level of thinking skills such as literal (reading the lines), inferential (reading the lines) and critical (reading beyond the lines). However, comprehension is preceded by recognition of words, thus one can not really comprehend if he can not recognize the words correctly. Therefore in this study, the researchers want to find out the level of reading performance of the pupils in terms of word recognition. INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT Descriptive research design using observation checklist. Oral reading performance of Grade II and Grade IV pupils. Determination of the reading performance of the Grade III and Grade IV pupils in terms of word recognition. Figure 1. Research Paradigm Table shows the input, process and the output variables used in this study. The input represents the oral reading performance of the respondents. The process is the tool used for data gathering and instrumentation in order to gather pertinent data needed for analyzing, tabulation and interpretation of the problem which includes the use of observation checklist arrive at the expected outputs which is the determination of the level of reading performance of the respondents in terms of word recognition. Statement of the problem The study seeks to find out the reading performance of the grade III and grade IV pupils of Bolosan Elementary School in terms of word recognition. It specifically sought to answer the following question: 1. What is the level of reading performance in terms of recognition of the: A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Grade III pupils B.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Grade IV pupils 2. Is there a significant difference between the level of reading performance of Grade III and Grade IV pupils in terms of word recognition. Hypothesis of the Study There is no significant difference between the level of reading performance of Grade III and Grade IV pupils in terms of word recognition. Significance of the Study Within the recent years, the demands for effective reading among pupils as an applicable instrument in development have become more prominent that always. Teachers and parents are in conformity on this scrupulous need. Conceptually, the study bring light to the student/pupils as a necessity in a more successful academic work. The result of the study are learned to benefit the following. Parents The results of the study serve as bases for the effective and efficient involvement of parents in the learning of their children especially with regards to reading. Pupils The pupils are the direct beneficiaries of the study. They will be benefited much from better school leading program, teachers guidance, parents assistance and other activities in the school, home, school administrators can offer them and also for them to know their reading abilities. Teacher The results of the study serve as an assessment and or diagnosis of reading ability of the pupil. From this the teacher would be able to designed effective reading classroom program for the pupil. School Administrators The result of the study may be used as reference guide for educational planning and policy formulation in the instruction level. Lastly, the result of this study may serve as a reference in determining the reading levels of the pupils which can serve as information in making more plans and programs by higher authorities based on the findings. It will also help in preparing reading materials based on needs and difficult5ies of the pupils. Scope and Delimitation of the Study The study is delimited to determine the level of reading performance of the respondents in terms of word recognition. The respondent of the study is composed of 41 grade III and 45 grade IV pupils. Reading comprehension is not included in the study. The study was started from July 2006. Definition of Terms Accuracy. Relates to the quality of a result and distinguished from processing, which relates to the quality of the operation by which the result is obtained. Effectiveness. Degree to which an activity or initiative is successful in achieving specified goal; Degree to which activities of a unit achieve the units mission or goal. Efficacy. Is the ability to produced an effect, usually a specifically desire defect Frustration. The pupils shows withdrawal from reading situations by crying or refusing to read. The pupils commit errors in reading such as reversal, repetition, substitution, insertion, mispronunciation and inability to interpret punctuation. Independent. The pupil is free from tension, finger pointing or lip movement. He reads with rhythm and with conversational tone and interprets punctuations correctly. Instructional. The pupils oral reading is rhythmical with conversational tone and correct interpretation. Non-reader. A pupil is unable to recognize and sound out letter sound connections for single consonants or unable to blend them. Phil IRI. Philippine Informal Reading Inventory which is a set of oral reading passages for the elementary grades in order to get the reading level og the public elementary school pupils. Reading ability. Is the awareness of print relationship to speech, text structure, phonological awareness and letter naming and writing and comprehension of reading material? It often measured by grade level. Word recognition. It refers to the ability of the pupils to recognize the words with correct pronunciation. Chapter II Review of Related Literature This chapter presents several studies concerning reading abilities and reading comprehension. However, such reviewed studies are related to the presents study in the sense that they all aimed to know about the study were the factors that affect the reading ability of grade 3 pupils. These related studies therefore, are discussed briefly in this chapter. Several program about reading as an active, meaningful, and constructive process. Before reading activities are used to build or activate relevant background knowledge, concepts, and vocabulary. Students are taught to monitor their reading to ensure that what they are reading makes sense. They are taught strategies for correcting word recognition errors that detract from meaning, and they are given opportunities for reacting and responding to selection they have read. The texts they are asked to read for enjoyment and for information. Other activities are developed within a framework of reading for meaning. Because reading for meaning is the constants point of reference and because students in these programs need substantial help in building word identification skills, the amount of time spent in discussing selection and in teacher questioning about the selection is kept to a minimum. All of the successful programs offer students special instruction on a daily basis for period ranging from 20 to 45 minutes. Daily contact with students ensures that progress is the steady and allows teachers to become very familiar with students and their strength and needs. Frequent contacts also allows teacher to reinforce and extend strategic behaviors that students are acquiring. An instructional period of at least 20 to 30 minutes allows time for instruction and practice along a number of dimension that provide students with the strategies they need to become effective readers. The prevailing philosophy in most of the other early interventions programs appears to be that first grade is the point where special help should be offered to prevent reading failure; that many, if not most, students will, by the end of first grade, be able to make sufficient progress in reading to function in a regular classroom setting without special help; but that some students will continue to need support through second grade. Though some of the programs began as just first grade programs, most now continue through second grade for students who need longer periods of special help. These programs use methods and materials that help students to recognize words accurately and rapidly, and to group words into meaningful phrases the three dimensions of fluency. The courage to reread a book several times once it has been introduced. There is evidence that the repeated reading of a texts leads to improved word identification skills and comprehension ( Adams, 1995). As children move through these programs, they become familiar with an increasing number of texts. They are encouraged to reread these texts to gain additional practice, to extend their fluency, and to build confidence in their growing reading competency. To avoid failure or frustration for students, each new book is introduced with as much as a teacher judges is needed. For example, a pictures walk is often used as a before reading activity. Students are asked to speculate about the texts contents, and unusual or difficult vocabulary is pointed out by the teacher and discussed. Thus, the student begins rea ding the book with prior knowledge and clear expectations about the selections contents. Another frequently used technique is shared reading, in which the texts is read first by the teacher as students follow along in the texts. Then as a group, students progress to reading the texts with the help as needed. Teacher support is gradually withdrawn, and students assume more responsibility. Finally, individual children practice reading the text. Instruction often moves from a shared reading model to guided reading in which students assume responsibility for the first reading of a selection after the teacher helps prepare them and supports them during their reading. In all the successful intervention programs there is a clear progression from much teacher support in the initial phases of the program to increase students independence. The types of texts most frequently used in early intervention program are predictable texts. The earliest books used in the programs tend to have a close match between pictures and texts, have recurring language patterns, and include repetition of language elements, which make them easy for students to read. Even children with very restricted word recognition capabilities quickly begin to think of themselves as readers because they are successful with these profitable texts. As students progress in the program, the degree of predictability decreases to ensure that the students attend to the printed texts in order to build a multifaceted word recognition strategy that will make them increasingly independent readers. In the initial phases of instruction, selections also tend to be short so that students can finish a text within an instructional period. As their reading capabilities grow, texts become longer and more challenging. While one of the successful program use traditional, narrow measures of readability, all sequence of the instructional materials, based on many factors including text predictability (reflected in factors such as recurring language patterns, close picture to text match, repetition of words), length of text, challenge of vocabulary, complexity of language, sophistication of concept so that students are challenged to apply the strategies and skills they are learning. Reading new text, and rereading familiar text insure that student in this programs engage in meaningful, connected reading. This program also includes activities that help students focus on and become familiar wit printed words. For example, the Winston-Salem Project uses a procedure called Making Words (Baker L. Brown A.L,1999). Students are presented with the letters that form a word from a selection they read. Words are selected because of their interest and because they contain words identification elements that will be useful for the students It has been recognized that asking students to write words (not copy) is a very effective approach in developing word recognition and reading skill (Adams, 1999;Clay, 1996). For example in the early intervention in reading program, the students select a student to write sentences. The teacher then encourages each students to think about the styling of each word and to write as much of the word as they can. Teacher support his offer only as needed in order to insure that the students write the word accurately. For example, for the children who are having difficulty with phonemic awareness, the teacher draws a box for each sound in the word. The children are guided to think about the number of sound in a word and the letters that represent those sound. For example, the teacher would draw 3 boxes for the word teach, grouping the EA and CH in separate boxes since that word EA and CH represents single sound. The following are regular pattern to he scheduled for better reading. Reading familiar texts. Reading or rereading a new book Working with words Writing words or sentences The researchers therefore want to find out what are the common factors affecting the reading performance of a child, thus, the study. Chapter III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This chapter presents the procedure utilized in the collection of data, the method employed in the presentation and interpretation to answer the problems presented in Chapter I. Research Design This study utilized the descriptive method of research. Descriptive because it seeks to investigate prevailing conditions about the level of reading performance of the respondents in terms of word recognition. (Adanza, 2002). Sources of Data Table 1 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents in Terms of Grade Level and Section Grade Section Frequency Percentage Grade III-B 41 47.67% Grade IV-B 45 52.33% Table 1 presents the respondents of the study which is composed of 41 grade III pupils belonging to section B and 45 pupils in Grade IV also in section B. This so because Grade III and IV are the middle grades in elementary and both section B for it is on the average position thus, they are better representatives for the study. Instrumentation and Data Collection The researcher adopted the Phil IRI oral reading test of the Bureau of Elementary Education SY 2006-2007. After asking permission from the principal, the researchers administered testing with the help of the teachers. The researchers adopted the Phil IRI oral reading test formula for finding the level of reading performance in terms of word recognition. Tools for Data Analysis The researchers used frequency and percentage counts for the presentation of data and the chi-square to test the hypothesis of the study. The formula for finding the level of reading performance in terms of word recognition which is adopted from the Phil IRI oral reading test is: Percent of miscue= No. of major miscue x 100 No. of words WR = 100% percent of miscue Where: No. of major miscue number of words that are not recognized or pronounced right. WR Level of word recognition For the percentage distribution, the formula used is: P = f/N x 100 Where: P Percentage f frequency N total number of cases or respondents For sub problem number 2, the researchers used the chi-square-goodness-of-fit test, that is: X2 = à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ(O-E)2 E Where: X2 = Chi-Square O = Observed Frequency E = Expected Frequency Chapter IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS This chapter presents and discusses the results of the study to answer the problems in chapter I Table 2 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Grade III pupils in Terms of Level of Word Recognition Level Frequency Percentage Independent 0 0% Instructional 17 41.46% Frustration 19 46.34% Nonreader 5 12.2% Total 41 100% The table shows that nobody is considered as independent reader. There are 17 (41.46%) who are under instructional, 19 (46.34%) under frustration and 5 (12.2%) under none-reader. Table 3 Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Grade IV pupils in Terms of Level of Word Recognition Level Frequency Percentage Independent 0 0% Instructional 8 17.78% Frustration 35 77.78% Nonreader 2 4.44% Total 45 100% It is visible in the table that nobody also from the grade IV pupils is under independent category. Also showed that 8 (17.78%) are under instructional, 35 (77.78%) are lined at frustration category and 2 (4.44%) under none-reader type. Table 4 Frequency Distribution of the Respondents according to the Level of Reading Performance in Terms of Word Recognition With their corresponding Grade Levels Level Grade level Independent and Instructional Frustration and Non-reader Total Grade III 17 24 41 Grade IV 8 37 45 Total 25 61 86 Table 4 shows variation of the level of word recognition among the respondents. Table 5 Computation of the ChiSquare O E O-E (O-E)2 (O-E)2/E 17 11.92 5.08 25.81 2.1653 8 13.08 -5.08 25.81 1.9732 24 29.08 5.08 25.81 0.8876 37 31.92 -5.08 25.81 0.8086 à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ (O-E)2/E 5.8347 Where: at df = 1, the level of O Observed frequency significance at „ƒ = 0.05 E Expected frequency is 3.841 (Walpole, 1982) df = 1 „ƒ = 0.05 From the table 4, at 1 degree of freedom, the tabular value of chi-square at „ƒ = 0.05 is 3.841. Since, the tabular value is lesser than the computed value which is 5.8347, the hypothesis is rejected. Thus, there is a significant difference between the level of reading performance of Grade III and Grade IV pupils in terms of word recognition Chapter V SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION This chapter presents the summary, conclusion and the recommendations of the researchers based on the study. Summary The study was pursued to find out the level of reading performance of the grade III and grade IV pupils of Bolosan Elementary School in terms of word recognition. It sought to determine also whether there is significant difference between the two grade levels in terms or reading performance with regards to word recognition. The study used the descriptive method using checklist for the actual reading performance. This research was conducted from June to December 2006. Findings The researchers found out that 17 or 41.46% grade III pupils are under instructional or are rhythmical reader with conversational tone and correct interpretation. There are also 19 or 46.34% who shows withdrawal from reading situations by crying or refusing to read and committing errors. On the other hand, 8 or 17.78% of the grade IV are under instructional type, 35 or 77.78% are considered under frustration type while 2 or 4.44% are non-readers and lastly, nobody also is under independent type of reader. The bottom line is, it was found out that there is significant difference between the grade III and grade IV pupils in terms of level of reading performance with regards to word recognition. Conclusion Based from the analyzed data presented, the researchers concluded that grade III and grade IV pupils level of reading performance in terms of word recognition is mostly on the bracket of frustration and instructional type of readers, that is they show withdrawal from reading situations by crying or refusing to read and committing errors in reading such as reversal, repetition, substitution, insertion, mispronunciation and inability to interpret punctuation but others are rhythmical with conversational tone and correct interpretation. Recommendation From the findings of the study, the researchers recommend the following: Having been revealed that the level of reading performance of the grade III and grade IV pupils in terms of word recognition falls under the frustration and instructional type, the researchers recommend teachers to use more intensified instruction for the betterment of the reading performance of the pupils. The researchers also wish that future researchers will focus also on reading performances of the pupils in other aspects such as comprehension, speed and others.

How Pollution Affects Ecosystems and the Global Climate Essay example

How Pollution Affects Ecosystems and the Global Climate Introduction The main theme of our lesson is how pollution affects ecosystems and the global climate. We aim to teach 4th and 5th grade students about erosion in order for them to gain awareness about the anthropogenic (human-induced) impacts on the environment and global climate change as well as to generate ideas on how they can reduce their own ecological footprints. We feel this is important because the lesson not only educates students, but also motivates them to take action. This lesson will cover many of the Colorado State Academic Standards, not only science-related (Physical and Life Sciences, Science as an Inquiry, and Science in Personal and Social Perspectives), but also those pertaining to geography (Human Systems and Environment and Society) and language arts (Communication Skills and Strategies and Applying Language Skills). There are four essential components to the lesson. The first will serve as a formative assessment of students’ knowledge of pollution by playing a game which asks â€Å"have you ever† questions (for example, â€Å"have you ever heard of global warming?†). This activity is significant in our lesson because it is a hook to get students thinking about the ways they already help and hurt the environment. The next part will introduce students to the concept of an ecosystem, a fundamental unit of the biosphere. We will present the students with a fish inside of a bowl of water and ask whether or not they think this is an ecosystem. We will then add various other living and non-living components and ask the students each time. Afterwards, we will explain the concept of an ecosystem in further detail. The next activity com... ...obal_climate_change>. Cohen, Jordan, and Nick Hopwood. "Greenhouse Gases and Society." University of Michigan. 26 Sept. 2006 . "Ecosystems." Thinkquest. 26 Sept. 2006 . "Greenhouse Gases: Frequently Asked Questions." NOAA Satellite and Information Service. 1 Dec. 2005. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 26 Sept. 2006 . "National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS) Standards Key." CSI: Climate Status Investigations. The Keystone Center. 26 Sept. 2006 . â€Å"Types of Pollution.† Pollution: A Global Threat to the Environment. 2001. Thinkquest. 27 Sept. 2006

The Benefits of Healthy Lifestyle

THE BENEFITS OF HEALTHY LIFESTYLE Health is a pattern of individual practices and personal behavioral choices that are related to reduce health risk. Chasing a healthy lifestyle is becoming the hot issue among the citizens nowadays. Why citizens so care about a healthy lifestyle? This is because there are too many benefits of having healthy lifestyle and these benefits are becoming more apparent. First benefit is, it can ensure a good mental health. Mental health depends upon health lifestyle choices.We will experience a good mental health when we are founding a balance in our social, emotional and psychological areas of life. In this case, social contact is playing an important role. When we have a good mental health, we are in a place of peace and it will enhance our life quality. So, it is vital to foster a healthy lifestyle. Also, strength is another benefit. With a healthy lifestyle, we have strength to train to help build the muscle that supports the bones and joints, therefore decreasing the risk of falls and fractures.Our bones will begin to lose mass and strength results of ageing. It is essential for us to develop a healthy lifestyle by doing weight-bearing exercise like walking to prevent osteoporosis. Last but not least, no one wants to overweight. Thus, this is the most common reason that people want a healthy lifestyle. Living by having a healthy lifestyle is the best way to lose weight. The healthy lifestyle choices like stopping smoking, reducing alcohol intake and eating well-balanced diet that is high in fruits and vegetables will help to maintain a healthy weight.The weight within normal limits can also significantly reduce the risk of heart disease and improve overall health and well-being. For people of all ages, weights, and abilities, the benefits of a healthy lifestyle are endless. However, the lifestyle is influenced by our own attitude. If we are yearning for a healthy lifestyle, then we must being proactive in our health and thus, cre ating a healthy lifestyle to guarantee our future life.

The Inevitability of the Cold War essays

The Inevitability of the Cold War essays The Cold war started for many reasons. In 1945 after World War II (WWII) the alliance between the United States, United Kingdom and USSR ended. A rivalry between Communism and Capitalism began which lead to the Cold War. At the end of WWII Germany was divided into four zones controlled by the UK, France, US, and USSR. The lack of mutual agreement in the division of Germany was another mark that started the cold war. Another spark was when the US dropped the atomic bomb on Japan, USSR was mad that US had developed this technology secretly. Then Truman and Churchill were angry with Stalin when he signed a border treaty with Poland. By nineteen forty eight USSR controlled Poland, East Germany, Hungry, Romania, Bulgaria, and Czechoslovakia. Every one believed the Stalin made an iron Curtin dividing USSR from the rest of Europe. The US and UK were also agree at Stalin for the fact he promised free election at Yalta and did not hold them. The Cold war was a result of clashes between Communism and Capitalism. There were two opposing world views. Another cause of the build up to the Cold War was the intransigent attitude of both sides. The Soviet Union was extremely concerned about its security after having been invaded twice in the twentieth century. In 1945 America created and used the atomic bomb against Japan and the USSR was determined to create one of its own. Both the USSR and the USA built up huge arsenals of Inter-Continental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs). The United States tested a hydrogen bomb in 1952 and in November 1955, the USSR developed one too. After that the USA moved its bombers into Europe. In 1955 West Germany was allowed to re-arm and join NATO. Russia responded by forming the Warsaw Mutual Defense Pact with its buffer zone neighbors. In 1957 the Soviets used a missile to launch Sputnik 1 into orbit around the earth. The arms race evolved into a space race as the United States rushed to launch its o...

Sun King essays

Sun King essays Louis XIV, also known as the Sun King, was the absolute monarch of France from 1643 to 1715. He was the third monarch of the Bourbon Family, who ruled for 72 years, the longest reign of any European Monarch. Louis guided France through a great era that signified Frances continental European dominance, even though he inherited a kingdom that was internally divided, militarily exhausted, and nearly bankrupt. The Sun King, or le Roi Soleil, achieved many of his goals which made France the greatest power in the Western world. Although Louis XIVs nation prospered, many debts were left behind for his heirs. The Sun King was born at Saint-Germain-en-Laye in 1638 to King Louis XIII and Anne of Austria, who had not had children in their twenty-two year marriage. Christened under the name Louis Dieudonn (literally, gift of god), he received the throne in 1643, just after his fathers death. Louis XIV was just five years old, so his mother and her principal minister, Jules Cardinal Mazarin, guided the nation until Mazarins demise in 1661. From hence fourth, Louis declared that he would rule France without a chief minister, something no French king had done in living memory. Louis XIV stripped the Estates-General of its power, but created the Haut Conseil, or high council, which was eventually lead by Jean-Baptiste Colbert, the prior chief minister of finance. The grandeur of the king was the theme of sermons, poems, and dramatic art. The exquisite and lavish Palace of Versailles (Le Chteau de Versailles) was built under Louis XIVs supervision between 1661 and 1689. It was filled with images of the Sun Kings glory. Over 30,000 men worked on building the magnificent palace, a project that drained the royal treasury for decades. The construction of the palace required over 100 million dollars. Not only did the luxurious palace need built, but also rivers needed diverte...

Media Culture in Canada Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Media Culture in Canada - Assignment Example Canada has two primary languages English and French. Canada has a very unique blend of customs and traditions because of migration into its country; therefore, because of the cultural diversity it’s very necessary for the Canadian government to promote its own culture. The Canadian government faces many challenges because of its influx of citizens from European cultures and an extensive migration between America and Canada. Canada struggled immensely to protect its identity in 1920(Media Awareness Network 1). At that time, Canada introduced commercial radio broadcasting but some politicians were concerned about U.S radio programming. This concern introduced the hybrid system of broadcasting. The policy makers split this system into two parts public and private. The reason behind this division was that Canada wanted its own traditions; as time passed the Canadian government made its own broadcasting law. History Media plays one of the most powerful and important roles in buildi ng nations. Reginald Aubrey Fessenden was the first radio broadcaster in Canada; he is known as the â€Å"Father of Radio Broadcasting†. In 1906, Fessenden broadcasted his first official program. The era of media culture in Canada started in 1906 and noticeable improvements were seen within the next few years. In 1929, the government of Canada took remarkable efforts. The Arid Commission on public broadcasting suggested the establishment of a national radio broadcast network. In Canada, there was an increasing trend of listening to radio broadcast and because they didn’t have any national broadcasting station, they would listen to American radio. This was a major concern for the Canadian government and therefore, they launched their own national broadcasting radio. In 1932, Canadian Radio Broadcasting was founded under the administration of R.B. Bennet’s government. CBC was mainly responsible for innovation in Canadian media culture and all the broadcasting stat ions were under the control of CBC. CBC, Crown Corporation, was based on the model of the BBC. In 1940, an association was founded and named as Radio Artists of Toronto Society. This society was basically established for the radio performers and they were responsible for securing the rights of radio artists (James Lorimer & Company 24). The Association of Canadian Radio Artists was formed in 1943 and it was a flexible, national alliance of a variety of groups of actors. In 1946, FM radio was introduced in Canada but distinct FM service was launched later in the 1960s. In 1952, the era of television broadcasting was started with the launch of stations one after another in Montreal (CBFT) and then in Toronto. The first privately owned station of CBC was a television station in Sudbury and they owned it in 1953. In 1962, the English language radio network was divided into two different services (i.e. Dominion Network and Trans-Canada Network); Dominion Network was dissolved in 1976. Th e Trans-Canada Network was simply known as CBC. Over the next few decades, CBC was known to be the second English language FM Radio network and in 1976 its’ name was changed. It was now known as CBC Stereo (The Wendy Michener Symposium 65). According to the Canadian Broadcasting Act, it is mandatory for the broadcasters to ensure that they are broadcasting authentic information that reflects the points of view of the different cultures living in

Continuum of Legal Formality Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Continuum of Legal Formality - Research Paper Example The administrative law is aimed at capturing thefts within the community. On a global scale, administrative law is a very low positioned legal system. This system is responsible for the correction of people and upholding of social norms. The administrative law governance, however, keeps changing depending on the type of case. In many occasions, administrative law uses informal ways to settle disputes or any other r case based on its importance. However, as much there are informal ways of dealing with cases of administrative law, the formal procedures need to follow. There must be protocol. It will also look at the merits and demerits of using both the formal and informal approach. Over the years the debate over informality or formality in the legal system has dominated many forums. Some administrators feel that the law shield their operating power and hence advocate for more informal procedures to be embraced. Contrary to this, some feel without the participation of the law, administ rators may use this avenue to fulfill their personal interest. In an argument by Harrington & Carter (2009) informal procedures can be used by selfish individuals to hurt other people without any concrete reasons. With increasing trends in society, the already outlined laws may fail to access some parts of the community. In regards to these developments, an informal administrative law may be used to solve the issue. With the already outlined formal lawmaking, sometimes it becomes difficult to solve upcoming issues using the formal way (Harrington & Carter, 2009). On this perspective, the informal law application should be advocated for. While dealing with formality the case advancement is usually dictated by the existing law. This hinders the administrators to utilize all options. For example, some issues may not need prosecution to any parties involved. According to formal procedure, any wrong done is punishable law. However, some administrators feel obligated to use informal metho ds of keeping the case out of the formal procedures. In some instances, they choose dialogue where both parties can settle issues outside the corridors of justice. In this way, the legal system is shielded from petty cases while the feeling of mutual respect is instilled in the parties (Harrington & Carter, 2009). Apart from ease, informal procedures doe does not escalate the conflict between two warring parties. It gives both parties chance to save their image and any form of relationship. In using the formal procedures, it is difficult for parties to get both justice and positive attitude towards one another. As much as formal legal procedures are not advocated by a majority of people, they remain the most efficient legal procedures. From the operating stage to the implementing stage, formal procedures have the well-defined code of operation. With this structure, many people still advocate for it since there is the assurance of transparency. With transparency, all individuals feel justice has been done regardless of the outcome. In words by Harrington & Carter (2009), formal procedures usually leave a mark of justice to all parties involved in a legal battle.

Whether or not euthanasia should be allowed in the USA Research Paper

Whether or not euthanasia should be allowed in the USA - Research Paper Example In case of legalization of Euthanasia, the act should be legalized because a major chunk of the population is supporting it and the support is increasing. PEW research reports that within a period of eight years the support for legalization of euthanasia has increased from 47% to 49% (PEW 1). Euthanasia should be allowed in United States because it is an ethically correct decision. According to the ethical decision making system of utilitarianism, only those acts and decisions are correct that result in the heights amount of happiness of the society (Su 65). Euthanasia relieves the patient as well as their family members from severe emotional and physical pain and helps in solving their financial issues. Therefore, euthanasia is an ethical act and should be allowed. Euthanasia is mainly administered to patients who are suffering from a deadly disease such as cancer. Due to this the patient and his family members experience ample amount of stress emotionally, financially as well as physically. According to Farina, per patient per year cost of cancer management ranges around $60K to $90K. Euthanasia is a way to end all these sufferings of the patient and other stake holders. Euthanasia should be allowed in United States as the major percentage of the population is US support it and the support is increasing. It should be allowed because it is ethically correct under the light of utilitarian code of ethics. Allowing euthanasia in US will decrease the emotional, physical and financial burden of the patient and other

Relativism and Morality Essay Example for Free

Relativism and Morality Essay We frequently make moral judgments about the actions of others. We proclaim that things like removing a wallet from someone else’s pocketbook on a crowded train; flying airplanes into the Twin Towers; and intervening (or not) in the Syrian war are wrong. According to Gilbert Harman, such judgments about people’s actions are defective because they lack relativity to the individual’s moral framework. (Harman, 1975) In ‘Some Moral Minima’ Goodman argues that â€Å"there are certain things that are simply wrong. † (Goodman, 2010) I contend that right and wrong are subjective, based upon elements of an individual’s belief system, and dependent upon the situation. In this paper, I will discuss theory based arguments to justify my disagreement with Goodman’s contention. When considering the theories of right and wrong, it is customary to think of them as absolute. If it’s wrong, it can’t be right or if it’s right, it can’t be wrong. It is only when we stop looking at these theories as absolutes that we can begin to explore the possibilities of moral, subjective and cultural relativity. I submit that a person’s actions are only right or wrong relative to their particular moral framework. It is wrong to kill is a statement that could be made by one based on his moral and/or cultural beliefs, thereby making it a true statement. However, the image becomes blurred when that same man is responsible for administering drugs to prisoners sentenced to death. Some would conclude that such acts raze his moral framework and change the truthfulness of the statement. I submit that, to make such a judgment absent the benefit of knowing the full extent of his moral beliefs would be flawed. There is the possibility that he defines killing and carrying out a death row sentence differently. Harman asserts that it is possible that when one says â€Å"It is wrong to steal† s/he is saying something true, but that when another says â€Å"It is wrong to steal† s/he is saying something false (Harman Jarvis Thomson, 1996). This theory, known as subjective relativity, is based on individual beliefs and on interpretation. An example of subjectivity in moral truth can be found in the classic tale of Robin Hood. On the one hand, Robin Hood describes the King’s taxation of the poor as stealing and states that it is excessive and, therefore, wrong. The judgment, based on his moral beliefs, is true. Robin Hood, however, justifies his own acts of stealing as charity, e. g. stealing from the rich to give to the poor. In this scenario, for Robin Hood to say stealing is wrong, he is stating a fact that is neither truthful, nor based on his moral beliefs. On the other hand, when looking upon Robin Hood’s acts of stealing through the King’s eyes, to conclude that Robin Hood is stealing and that stealing is wrong would be a true statement made by one who believes that stealing is wrong regardless of the situation. These examples are supported by both individualistic and subjective relativism. Richard Joyce contends that â€Å"individualistic relativism sees the vital difference as lying in the persons making the utterance. † (Joyce, 2007). In the Confucian school of thought, Mencius developed his philosophical theory on the contention that man’s nature is inherently good (Chan, 1996). Chan maintains that based on Mencius’ philosophy, â€Å"all men have a mind that cannot bear human suffering. † According to Chan, Mencius expounded on this position in the following excerpt. [w]hen men suddenly see a child about to fall into a well, they all have the feeling of alarm and distress, not in order to gain friendship with the childs parents, nor to seek the praise of their neighbors and friends, nor because they dislike the reputation (for being un-virtuous)†¦[t]he feeling of commiseration is the beginning of the feeling of love; the feeling of shame and dislike is the beginning of righteousness; the feeling of deference and complaisance is the beginning of wisdom. Men have these four beginnings just as they have four limbs. These four, love, righteousness, propriety and wisdom are not drilled into us from outside. We are originally provided with them. † (Chan) In light of the information presented herein, the theories of right and wrong are subject to cultural beliefs and moral individuality. It is my belief that subjectivity is most prevalent in making this determination.